Topics

<> machine learning (20)

Omar Ahmed

M.S. Student, Bioengineering
Omar Ahmed is an MS student in the Bioengineering department at KAUST. His research explores the mechanisms that enable brain signal generalisability across individuals, addressing how neural activity patterns can be reliably interpreted despite significant inter-subject and temporal variability. A major challenge in neuroscience is that brain activity varies substantially between people and even within the same person over time, which limits the development of universal diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Towards this goal, Omar is developing deep learning models that can identify consistent
KAUST-CEMSE-CS-VISION-CAIR-Dalal-Aldossary

Dalal E. Aldossary

M.S. Student, Computer Science

Zakaria El Kassimi

KAUST offers a unique environment where applied mathematics and data science meet real-world impact, with exceptional resources and a supportive community for ambitious research.

Jonathan Klein

Research Scientist, Computer Science
My fields of research interests include computational simulation, plant simulation and modeling, synthetic training data, machine learning architectures, none-line-of-sight imaging, and computational photography.

Yibin Wang

Keep Moving forward

Andrea Vanessa Rocha

Research Specialist, Statistics
Chengjie zhao

Chengjie Zhao

Visiting Researcher, Information Science Lab
Visiting Student, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Mohamed Ads

Visiting Student, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Hayssam Dahrouj

Senior Research Scientist at KAUST (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)

Karen Sanchez

Postdoctoral Research Fellow
Karen Sanchez is a Postdoctoral Researcher in the IVUL lab at KAUST, specializing in deep learning, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) for healthcare applications. Her research focuses on video understanding, domain adaptation, generative AI, and methods for preserving patient privacy.

Hani A. Al Majed

M.S. Student
Electrical and Computer Engineering Master's student at KAUST under the supervision of Professor Bernard Ghanem, with expertise in machine learning workflow automation, physics-informed neural operators, and AI for Science, particularly in chemistry applications. Passionate about leveraging AI to solve complex scientific problems.

Ahmad Sait

M.S. Student, Computer Science
Ahmad Sait is a Master's student in the Computer Science program at KAUST. Before joining KAUST, Ahmad obtained his Bachelor's degree in Computer Science from King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Ahmad is also a KAUST Academy graduate from the AI track, having been under the supervision of Prof. Naeemullah Khan. The Academy provided him with seven opportunities to assist in teaching students enrolled in subsequent cohorts.

Saleh AlJazzar

Research Fellow at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) .

Muhammad Esmat

Visiting student at, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).

Yasser Jaber

Visiting Student Researcher ,Machine Learning Engineer at KAUST (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology).
Syed Abidullah Fareed

Syed Abidullah Fareed

Visiting Student (former), Information Science Lab

Ahsan Mehmood

Intern (former), Information Science Lab
Visiting student at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).

Abdulkarem Badiea Alshaibani

Visiting Student at the Information Science Lab at the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).

Machine learning models gather momentum

1 min read ·
New methods for training machine learning models are quicker and more accurate than current approaches, previously considered state-of-the-art.

Irving Enrique Reyna Nolasco

Research Interests Irving Enrique Reyna Nolasco's research interests include numerical methods for partial differential equations, large eddy simulations, high order entropy stable schemes, machine learning, complex systems, and non-linear dynamics. Why did you choose your field of research? As a graduate student, I have always found satisfaction in developing scientific software and libraries for the simulation and visualization of different phenomena. I enjoy applying scientific computing tools and mathematical concepts to relevant problems in physics. By the end of my bachelor studies, I
<> artificial intelligence (9)

Omar Ahmed

M.S. Student, Bioengineering
Omar Ahmed is an MS student in the Bioengineering department at KAUST. His research explores the mechanisms that enable brain signal generalisability across individuals, addressing how neural activity patterns can be reliably interpreted despite significant inter-subject and temporal variability. A major challenge in neuroscience is that brain activity varies substantially between people and even within the same person over time, which limits the development of universal diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Towards this goal, Omar is developing deep learning models that can identify consistent
Salem Alsaqaf

Salem Al-saqaf

Salem Al-Saqaf is an Electrical and Computer Engineer specializing in semiconductors, electronics and AI. He combines strong academic training with practical industry experience in AI-driven solutions, data science, and system optimization. His work spans applied research and real-world innovation, aiming to advance intelligent systems, enhance semiconductor applications, and develop technologies that bridge academic discovery with industrial impact.
Najmeddine Dhieb

Najmeddine Dhieb

Mohamed Ads

Visiting Student, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Yasmeen Alsaedy

M.S. Student, Computer Science
She is an AI researcher specializing in generative AI and deep learning. With a strong academic foundation and hands-on experience in machine learning, data science and artificial intelligence, she is passionate about advancing AI applications in real-world scenarios. She has contributed to cutting-edge projects, published research, and collaborated on innovative solutions that bridge the gap between AI theory and practice. Her expertise includes designing and implementing advanced data models, AI-driven visual/text computing, and deep learning architectures.

Yasser Jaber

Visiting Student Researcher ,Machine Learning Engineer at KAUST (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology).
Syed Abidullah Fareed

Syed Abidullah Fareed

Visiting Student (former), Information Science Lab

Ahmed Youssef Ragab Radwan

Visiting Student (former), Information Science Lab
Visiting student at the Information Science Lab, in the Electrical Engineering Department, CEMSE, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

AI learns complex gene-disease patterns

1 min read ·
A deep learning model improves the ability to identify genes potentially involved in disease.
<> Computer Vision (9)

Omar Ahmed

M.S. Student, Bioengineering
Omar Ahmed is an MS student in the Bioengineering department at KAUST. His research explores the mechanisms that enable brain signal generalisability across individuals, addressing how neural activity patterns can be reliably interpreted despite significant inter-subject and temporal variability. A major challenge in neuroscience is that brain activity varies substantially between people and even within the same person over time, which limits the development of universal diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Towards this goal, Omar is developing deep learning models that can identify consistent
KAUST-CEMSE-CS-VISION-CAIR-Dalal-Aldossary

Dalal E. Aldossary

M.S. Student, Computer Science

Adonai Vera

Machine Learning Engineer with 6+ years of experience specializing in computer vision, deep learning, and robotics. Led AI solutions for retail analytics, UAV systems, and edge devices. Author, educator, and TensorFlow Google Developer Expert.

Abdelrahman Eldesokey

Postdoctoral Research Fellow
Abdelrahman Eldesokey is a Postdoctoral Fellow at KAUST, working on Generative AI and Computer Vision. His research focuses on diffusion models, multimodal large language models, and vision foundation models, aiming to make generative systems more controllable, interpretable, and reliable.
Najmeddine Dhieb

Najmeddine Dhieb

Karen Sanchez

Postdoctoral Research Fellow
Karen Sanchez is a Postdoctoral Researcher in the IVUL lab at KAUST, specializing in deep learning, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) for healthcare applications. Her research focuses on video understanding, domain adaptation, generative AI, and methods for preserving patient privacy.

Aznaur Aliev

M.S. Student

Hani A. Al Majed

M.S. Student
Electrical and Computer Engineering Master's student at KAUST under the supervision of Professor Bernard Ghanem, with expertise in machine learning workflow automation, physics-informed neural operators, and AI for Science, particularly in chemistry applications. Passionate about leveraging AI to solve complex scientific problems.

Ahmad Sait

M.S. Student, Computer Science
Ahmad Sait is a Master's student in the Computer Science program at KAUST. Before joining KAUST, Ahmad obtained his Bachelor's degree in Computer Science from King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Ahmad is also a KAUST Academy graduate from the AI track, having been under the supervision of Prof. Naeemullah Khan. The Academy provided him with seven opportunities to assist in teaching students enrolled in subsequent cohorts.
<> deep learning (9)

Zakaria El Kassimi

KAUST offers a unique environment where applied mathematics and data science meet real-world impact, with exceptional resources and a supportive community for ambitious research.

Adonai Vera

Machine Learning Engineer with 6+ years of experience specializing in computer vision, deep learning, and robotics. Led AI solutions for retail analytics, UAV systems, and edge devices. Author, educator, and TensorFlow Google Developer Expert.

Juan Pablo Muñoz Díaz

Karen Sanchez

Postdoctoral Research Fellow
Karen Sanchez is a Postdoctoral Researcher in the IVUL lab at KAUST, specializing in deep learning, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) for healthcare applications. Her research focuses on video understanding, domain adaptation, generative AI, and methods for preserving patient privacy.

Mhd. Emad Alolaby

Sixiu Liu

Ph.D. degree in Earth science and engineering with the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

Ahmed Youssef Ragab Radwan

Visiting Student (former), Information Science Lab
Visiting student at the Information Science Lab, in the Electrical Engineering Department, CEMSE, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
<> cybersecurity (8) <> Signal processing (8)

Serine Medjber

Visiting student at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) under the supervision of Mr. Tareq Al-Naffouri

Mohammed Amine Labbas

Visiting student at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) under the supervision of Mr. Tareq Al-Naffouri
Chengjie zhao

Chengjie Zhao

Visiting Researcher, Information Science Lab
Visiting Student, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Almutasem Bellah Enad

Almutasem Bellah Enad

Visiting Researcher (former), Information Science Lab
Visiting Student, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Present M.Eng in Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
Ahmad Dkhan

Ahmad Dkhan

Visiting Scholar (former), Information Science Lab
Visiting Student, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Present -Master's in Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut, Lebanon

Saleh AlJazzar

Research Fellow at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) .

Alaa Alameer Ahmad

Research visit to communication theory lab in computer, electrical and mathematical sciences and engineering. KAUST (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology) ,Worked with research groups supervised by Prof. Mohamed-Slim Alouini and Prof. Tareq AL-Naffouri.

Abdullatif Al-Rabah

MS Degree, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
<> applied mathematics (7)

Juan Pablo Muñoz Díaz

Peter Schmid

​Professor Schmid's research interests are in theoretical and computational fluid dynamics, with emphasis on hydrodynamic stability theory, flow control, model reduction and system identification. He is also interested in computational techniques for flow optimization and quantitative flow analysis.

Better racing car design through an industry partnership

1 min read ·
The Formula 1 race track is the ultimate testbed for a KAUST researcher's latest work.

Quieter wind beneath the wings

1 min read ·
The ability to efficiently simulate the noise generated by wings and propellers promises to accelerate the development of quieter aircraft and turbines.

Mohammed Sayyari

Mohammed is a Mathematician with a solid background in scientific programming. Mohammed's mathematical interests are in the analysis of partial differential equations and the discretization thereof.

Linda Alzaben

Linda Alzaben is a Ph.D. candidate in Applied Mathematics and Computational Science. Linda has a Bachelor's and a Master's degree, both in pure Mathematics, from King Abdulaziz University. In both her B.Sc. and M.Sc. she was first-class honors. Although she had been teaching for several years she decided to pursue her postgraduate studies in an engaging and interesting field at KAUST. She seized the opportunity to study and work under the supervision of Professor Daniele Boffi who is a distinguished professor in his field. Her main interest are in Finite elements and Mixed Finite elements and

Aimad ER-RAIY

Aimad Er-Raiy joined the Extreme Computing Research Center (ECRC) at King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) as a postdoctoral fellow in late 2019. He is working with Professor Matteo Parsani. Prior to this, he spent a year as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in CERFACS (Toulouse, France). Education and Early Career Dr. Er-Raiy received a MSc. (2014) from the National Institute of Posts and Telecommunications (INPT) in Toulouse, France, and a Ph.D. (2018) from Institut Pprime & National Engineering School for Mechanics and Aerotechnics (ISAE-ENSMA) in Poitiers (France). Research
<> IoT (7)
Salem Alsaqaf

Salem Al-saqaf

Salem Al-Saqaf is an Electrical and Computer Engineer specializing in semiconductors, electronics and AI. He combines strong academic training with practical industry experience in AI-driven solutions, data science, and system optimization. His work spans applied research and real-world innovation, aiming to advance intelligent systems, enhance semiconductor applications, and develop technologies that bridge academic discovery with industrial impact.

Serine Medjber

Visiting student at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) under the supervision of Mr. Tareq Al-Naffouri

Mohammed Amine Labbas

Visiting student at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) under the supervision of Mr. Tareq Al-Naffouri
Ruochen Zhu

Ruochen Zhu

Mohamed Ads

Visiting Student, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Syed Abidullah Fareed

Syed Abidullah Fareed

Visiting Student (former), Information Science Lab

Ahsan Mehmood

Intern (former), Information Science Lab
Visiting student at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
<> High Performance Computing (6)

Radouan Boukharfane

Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Applied Mathematics and Computational Science
Radouan Boukharfane joined Extreme Computing Research Center (ECRC) at King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) as a postdoctoral fellow in 2019. He is working with Professor Matteo Parsani his research group. Prior to this, he spent a year as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Aerodynamics, Energetics and Propulsion (DAEP) of the National Higher French Institute of Aeronautics and Space (ISAE-SUPAERO) in Toulouse (France). Education and Early Career Dr. Boukharfane received a joint MSc. (2014) from Department of mechanical engineering at Ecole Polytechnique of

Mohammed Sayyari

Mohammed is a Mathematician with a solid background in scientific programming. Mohammed's mathematical interests are in the analysis of partial differential equations and the discretization thereof.
KAUST-CEMSE-Matteo-Parsani

Matteo Parsani

Professor Parsani develops robust, variable order and self-adaptive algorithms for solving fluid flow problems in complex geometries. The application domains currently driving Parsani's research are compressible computational aerodynamics, computational aeroacoustics for noise reduction in vehicles and molecular communication.

Irving Enrique Reyna Nolasco

Research Interests Irving Enrique Reyna Nolasco's research interests include numerical methods for partial differential equations, large eddy simulations, high order entropy stable schemes, machine learning, complex systems, and non-linear dynamics. Why did you choose your field of research? As a graduate student, I have always found satisfaction in developing scientific software and libraries for the simulation and visualization of different phenomena. I enjoy applying scientific computing tools and mathematical concepts to relevant problems in physics. By the end of my bachelor studies, I

Diego Rojas Blanco

Diego Rojas is a Ph.D. candidate in Earth Science & Engineering. He is studying under the supervision of Professor Matteo Parsani. Diego works on the development of entropy stable algorithms for the simulation of turbulent flow. Algorithms of this kind have new and exciting properties related to the reliability and scalability of our simulations so that we can use the power of modern supercomputers to simulate fluid flow problems to higher resolution. Research Interest Diego Rojas research interest include Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Scientific Visualization, and High Performance

Aimad ER-RAIY

Aimad Er-Raiy joined the Extreme Computing Research Center (ECRC) at King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) as a postdoctoral fellow in late 2019. He is working with Professor Matteo Parsani. Prior to this, he spent a year as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in CERFACS (Toulouse, France). Education and Early Career Dr. Er-Raiy received a MSc. (2014) from the National Institute of Posts and Telecommunications (INPT) in Toulouse, France, and a Ph.D. (2018) from Institut Pprime & National Engineering School for Mechanics and Aerotechnics (ISAE-ENSMA) in Poitiers (France). Research
<> Cyber Security (5) <> fluid dynamics (5)

Katerina Nik

Professor Nik studies partial differential equations that describe phenomena in biological growth processes, fluid dynamics, and mechanical engineering.

Better racing car design through an industry partnership

1 min read ·
The Formula 1 race track is the ultimate testbed for a KAUST researcher's latest work.
KAUST-CEMSE-Matteo-Parsani

Matteo Parsani

Professor Parsani develops robust, variable order and self-adaptive algorithms for solving fluid flow problems in complex geometries. The application domains currently driving Parsani's research are compressible computational aerodynamics, computational aeroacoustics for noise reduction in vehicles and molecular communication.

Irving Enrique Reyna Nolasco

Research Interests Irving Enrique Reyna Nolasco's research interests include numerical methods for partial differential equations, large eddy simulations, high order entropy stable schemes, machine learning, complex systems, and non-linear dynamics. Why did you choose your field of research? As a graduate student, I have always found satisfaction in developing scientific software and libraries for the simulation and visualization of different phenomena. I enjoy applying scientific computing tools and mathematical concepts to relevant problems in physics. By the end of my bachelor studies, I

Diego Rojas Blanco

Diego Rojas is a Ph.D. candidate in Earth Science & Engineering. He is studying under the supervision of Professor Matteo Parsani. Diego works on the development of entropy stable algorithms for the simulation of turbulent flow. Algorithms of this kind have new and exciting properties related to the reliability and scalability of our simulations so that we can use the power of modern supercomputers to simulate fluid flow problems to higher resolution. Research Interest Diego Rojas research interest include Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Scientific Visualization, and High Performance
<> integrated photonics (5)

Naiqin Bu

KAUST-CEMSE-ECE-IPL-Nikita-Kondratyev

Nikita Kondratyev

Mikhail Mishevskii

Mikhail received the B.S. degree in applied mathematics and physics from Novosibirsk State, Novosibirsk, Russia and received a master's degree with honors from the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech). His research interests include: nonlinear optics, integrated photonics, ultrafast lasers, frequency comb generation. During his time at Skoltech participated in the Skoltech Translational Research and Innovation Program industrial project to create a pulsed submicron laser for pumping a single-photon quantum light source. Mikhail awarded with Scholarship of the President of

Aleksandr Movsisian

Aleksandr received his bachelor’s degree in 2023 in Physics from Moscow State University (MSU, ranked first in Russia) and completed a master’s degree in Physics with honors at the same institution. He has over two years of research experience in quantum optics, optomechanics, and quantum measurement theory as part of the LIGO group at MSU. His work has focused on squeezed states of light, measurement topologies, and methods to overcome the Standard Quantum Limit, resulting in two first-author publications in JOSA B and Optics Letters. Aleksandr also gained hands-on experimental experience at

Aram Mkrtchyan

Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Electrical and Computer Engineering
<> ISAC (5)
kaust-cemse-ece-ccsl-changhao-he

Changhao He

kaust-cemse-ece-ccsl-yousef-awad

Yousef Awad

kaust-cemse-ece-ccsl-bumin-kagan-yildirim

Bumin Kagan Yildirim

Bang Huang

Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Electrical and Computer Engineering
Bang Huang works as a postdoctoral fellow at the Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), under the supervision of Prof. Mohamed-Slim Alouini in the Communication Theory Lab (CTL). Education and Early Career Bang Huang received the M.S. degree (with honors) in electrical engineering and Ph.D degree in information and communication engineering from the School of Information and Communication Engineering (SICE), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China, in

Xiaowei Pang

Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Electrical and Computer Engineering
Xiaowei Pang is currently a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), working with Professor Mohamed-Slim Alouini in the Communication Theory Lab (CTL). Education and Early Career Xiaowei Pang received her B.S. degree in Telecommunication Engineering from Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China, in 2018, and her Ph.D. degree in Information and Communication Engineering from Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China, in 2024. From 2021 to 2022
<> aerodynamics (3) <> AI (3) <> embedded systems (3) <> haps (3)

Bang Huang

Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Electrical and Computer Engineering
Bang Huang works as a postdoctoral fellow at the Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), under the supervision of Prof. Mohamed-Slim Alouini in the Communication Theory Lab (CTL). Education and Early Career Bang Huang received the M.S. degree (with honors) in electrical engineering and Ph.D degree in information and communication engineering from the School of Information and Communication Engineering (SICE), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China, in

Xiaowei Pang

Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Electrical and Computer Engineering
Xiaowei Pang is currently a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), working with Professor Mohamed-Slim Alouini in the Communication Theory Lab (CTL). Education and Early Career Xiaowei Pang received her B.S. degree in Telecommunication Engineering from Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China, in 2018, and her Ph.D. degree in Information and Communication Engineering from Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China, in 2024. From 2021 to 2022
H

Hussein Al-Shatri

I chose KAUST because of its reputation for excellence in research and its recent emphasis on applied research. With my extensive background in both academic research and industrial development, I am excited to contribute my experience and ambition. My goal is to foster new ideas and develop innovative prototypes in the field of wireless communications, which will undoubtedly enhance people's lives.
<> HPC (3) <> LiDAR (3) <> MATLAB (3) <> Nonlinear Optics (3) <> optimization (3) <> Photonics and optoelectronics (3) <> Python (3) <> Reinforcement Learning (3) <> Advanced Perception (2) <> aeroacoustics (2) <> AI4Science (2) <> Automous Vehicles (2) <> biomedical devices (2) <> bioscience (2) <> communication (2) <> computational fluid dynamics (2) <> Computational Neuroscience (2) <> computational science (2) <> Computer science (2) <> data analysis (2) <> Digital signal processing (2) <> Dynamical Systems (2) <> Electroencephalograms (2) <> FPGA (2) <> Generative AI and LLMs (2) <> healthcare (2) <> Large Language Models (2) <> LLM (2) <> Localization (2) <> machine learning for wireless communication (2) <> Mathematical modeling (2) <> multimodal sensing (2) <> nanomaterials (2) <> Network Design (2) <> Non-Terrestrial Networks (2) <> numerical analysis (2) <> optical computing (2) <> photonic integrated circuits (2) <> Programming language (2) <> quantum communication (2) <> remote sensing (2) <> ultrafast fiber lasers (2) <> wireless communication (2) <> Wireless Communications (2) <> 2D materials (1) <> 5G and beyond (1) <> 5G networks (1) <> 6G (1) <> 6G On-chip reconfigurable intelligent surface (1) <> 6G On-chip reconfigurable transmitarray and phased array (1) <> 6g wireless systems (1) <> Acoustics (1) <> Action Recognition (1) <> Action understanding (1) <> adaptive control (1) <> Adaptive Optics (1) <> Aerial Robotics (1) <> aerospace design (1) <> aerospace software engineering (1) <> Affective AI (1) <> AI for healthcare (1) <> algorithm (1) <> algorithms (1) <> ambit fields (1) <> Applied AI (1) <> Arabic NLP (1) <> artificial intelligence for wireless communication (1) <> automotive security (1) <> Bayesian computational statistics (1) <> beamforming (1) <> bifurcation theory (1) <> big data (1) <> biomechanics (1) <> Biomedical (1) <> biomedical sensing (1) <> Biomedical Signal Processing (1) <> biosensing (1) <> biotechnology (1) <> BLE communication (1) <> blockchain (1) <> broadband photonics-aided terahertz communication and sensing (1) <> calculus of variations (1) <> Cellular Networks (1)